Deviants and Crime

The individual who goes amiss unmistakably from the standard is known as a degenerate. A degenerate may likewise be characterized as the individual whose perspectives and practices conflict with the set cultural standards or principles. Aberrance isn't age explicit yet it begins in the early times of human turn of events and in the event that it goes plain, it winds up arriving at a final turning point causing a grown-up whose character to can be depicted by single word; a freak. The demonstration of abnormality is found out either by relationship with different degenerates or by attempting to offer reasons to legitimize the demonstrations of aberrance prompting propensity. Abnormality and wrongdoing is indeed the very same thing.This is on the grounds that, when one conflicts with the arrangement of standards for this situation the conventional principles called law, this is wrongdoing. Degenerates resist both the formal and casual (Social) principles and standards. For instance, a degenerate may conflict with the normal practices and submit a demonstration of nose picking out in the open or illegal and break into private premises with an aim of taking. In view of this, abnormality is a subject of worry to both the communists and the criminologists. These two experts take part in a genuine investigation of how standards are framed, changes that the standards experience after some time and the implementation of norms.The humanism of aberrance can be summed up in three principle hypotheses I. e. representative interactionism hypothesis, Structural functionalism hypothesis, and strife hypothesis. These speculations attempt to clarify the reasons for aberrance. Taking is one case of aberrance that is a genuine wrongdoing in the US today. Individuals don't wake up one day and become hoodlums. Burglary is a propensity that is found out at adolescence and proceeds into adulthood. This paper looks to characterize and build up a sociological hypothesis that clarifies a bnormality from the representative interactionism hypothesis viewpoint (Rodney, 2007:pp 48)Symbolic Interactionism Theories All the speculations under this class are of the view that degenerate conduct is found out. Because of the learning, the freak practices in the long run become some portion of an individual’s character or character. The speculations under this class incorporate Sutherland's differential affiliation hypothesis, Gresham Sykes and David Matza's balance hypothesis and Tannenbaum and Howard Becker’s naming hypothesis. Sutherland's differential affiliation hypothesis recommends that the lawbreaker and freak practices are not intrinsic in people but rather they are just learnt.It enhances the normal conviction that all human are made acceptable. Each individual is inalienably acceptable yet society makes them terrible. The learning of criminal or freak practices is equivalent to the learning of different practices, for example, saying â€Å"thank youâ⠂¬  when one offers a commendation or gives some help. The learning procedure comes because of cooperation between individuals or gatherings of individuals using emblematic correspondence. The emblematic correspondence may likewise incorporate thoughts and perspectives that are moved from one individual or gathering to another.If the images utilized in the correspondence are positive and alluring than the opposite, at that point an individual or gathering grasps abnormality imparted by the images, thoughts or mentalities and will in general be situated to of freak practices more than some other conduct (Lanier, 2004 pp. 162-163). Accepting burglary for instance of a freak criminal conduct, we understand that if an individual partners with an individual or gathering who take or hold taking more positive than horrible, and the affiliation is close, at that point intentions thoughts, mentalities , strategies and so on that are ideal for taking are learnt.Once this learning happens and incase there is a need, at that point one will in general take and along these lines we state that this crook and degenerate demonstration of robbery has come about because of representative communication. The Neutralization hypothesis, much the same as the name proposes, decides to clarify the manners in which that the degenerates inevitably murder their blame still, small voice through legitimization. A portion of the defenses utilized incorporate the refusal of obligation of the degenerate activity planned for causing the criminal to feel better.Denial of duty is basically a contention that the guilty party had no choice and that some other individual put under similar conditions would have acted a similar way the wrongdoer did. Proceeded with forswearing of duty inevitably murders the blame inner voice making the criminal cold and to have a penchant of carrying out the wrongdoing once more. For instance, on the off chance that a criminal takes and acknowledges duty, at that poi nt there is some blame that accompanies the acknowledgment and this blame has a change part. Disappointment of tolerating duty precludes plausibility of change and hence high likelihood of carrying out the wrongdoing again in future.Other barrier components or legitimizations utilized incorporate the refusal of harm and forswearing of casualty. Forswearing of harm or injury alludes to the thinking that the criminal demonstration didn't hurt anyone and therefore the guilty party isn't ethically off-base. This thinking depends on the rudimentary conviction that on the off chance that an activity doesn’t cause any mischief to other people, at that point it is ethically right. Then again, forswearing of the casualty is a contention that the casualty merited the freak demonstration because of his/her apparent absence of ethics by the wrongdoer. Impugning of his denouncers is one more defense utilized by freaks or lawbreakers to ensure their actions.It is a contention that the indi viduals who upbraid their activities have the capability of submitting same or comparable acts or they additionally submit comparative acts and as such they are frauds. Revilement of denouncers causes the guilty party to feel better about his activities and it also obstructs accordingly opening a chance of future criminal acts. At long last, advance to higher loyalties includes encouraging feedback of the criminal demonstration by what he convictions in. The criminal contends that a few qualities outperform the law or conventions and in this way the criminal translates the qualities to be a higher priority than the law.For model, on the off chance that one takes since he is starving, he has done nothing since he has faith in sparing life. To him, life is a higher priority than the law. For the most part, under this hypothesis, crooks justify criminal acts by balance (Lanier, 2004 pp. 168-9). The marking hypothesis is a well known one which has been utilized in human science as well as in brain research. The mental naming hypothesis, in a layman’s language expresses that in the event that you constantly call a kid names, state a criminal, the kid will wind up getting one. Straight to the point Tannenbaum and Howard S.Becker proposed the marking hypothesis in the sociological setting. They said that the demonstration of society making rules whose infringement adds up to resistance causes abnormality in itself. On the off chance that society says that the individuals who take different people’s property without authorization are cheats and criminals are bad individuals, this definition adds up to naming. The naming speaks to the negative disposition the general public holds against a freak, for example, a hoodlum and makes the guilty parties to disguise the mark and attempt to showcase the name via completing activities that fit in with the label.For model naming of a criminal, makes the degenerate such named to disguise this name and does demonstra tions of burglary in an offer to fit in with the name. This hypothesis lies at the limit of emblematic interactionism and struggle hypothesis. The contention hypothesis direction of this hypothesis recommends that the general public use capacity to make standards and mark freaks. A genuine model is the jail framework which names the convicts of robbery to a point that these burglary convicts likewise start to see themselves as cheats (Giddens, 2006 pp. 525-7).In an offer to strengthen the fortify Edwin Lemert proposed the possibility of essential and optional deviation. He translated essential deviation to be the abnormality before the degenerate is named accordingly. Auxiliary aberrance then again is the demonstrations of abnormality that come after the essential abnormality as a response to the cultural foundations that have capacity to set standards and to mark. Lemert clarifies further how one moves from essential to optional deviation lastly to suspicion of the job of the mark he/she has been given.The change between these stages begins when a guilty party submits a degenerate represent the first run through inciting the general public to control some disciplinary punishments on him. On the off chance that the disciplinary punishments directed on the essential degenerate don't figure out how to stop the wrongdoing, the wrongdoer may act a similar wrongdoing or aberrance again in this manner provoking significantly harsher discipline from the general public. The brutal discipline makes the guilty party to disdain the general public or the organization in the general public that directs this unforgiving discipline. The disdain establishes tone for additional violations with the foundation reining harsher and harsher discipline on the offender.As the quantity of wrongdoings builds the general public, aside from the discipline given to the guilty party, showers shame too on the wrongdoer. This disgrace denotes the marking g stage. The disgrace sandwiches the wrongdoer in a tight spot where he has no alternative than acknowledge the job recommended by the name. In an offer to satisfy the job, the guilty party showcases the job recommended in the name and this establishes the optional abnormality. Optional aberrance solidifies the crooks politeness of the marking demonstration by the societyPrimary and auxiliary abnormality is seen in the American lawful framework when a first time guilty party gets lesser discipline when contrasted with a second or numerous time wrongdoer of a similar wrongdoing. For both the guilty parties, state cheats, the discipline is intended to change them. The various time wrongdoers get a harsher discipline in light of the fact that the general public feels that the first-run through discipline was not adequate enough causing the guilty party to perpetrate a subsequent wrongdoing. The second time guilty party is bound to carry out the wrongdoing the third time that the first run through wrongdoer is to perpetrat e a second crime.The ramifications of this essential and optional abnormality can be applied in the jail framework where the lawbreakers should be seen as acceptable peopl

International Business Profile of two countries (South Korean, and Essay

Global Business Profile of two nations (South Korean, and Japan) - Essay Example Schoenbaum (26-27) puts it that each nation has an alternate business profile with data running on the subjects of prompt business pertinence. The above examination investigations the universal business profile for Japan, South Korea and Singapore. It likewise shows their FDI profile and how the nations can manage the global interest for business. Japan global business profile Japan is situated in the eastern Asia which is at the Island between North Pacific Ocean and the East Sea or the Sea of Japan. The capital city is Tokyo and the all out populace is around 127 million as at 2004. The Japan ethnic network is comprised of 99 percent of Japanese and the 1 percent incorporates others, for example, Korean, Chinese, Filipino, Brazilian and different minorities Chew (2008). The religions incorporate that of Shinto and Buddhist which is around 85 percent. The Japan language is said to have started from the Altaic dialects, for example, Turkish and it is perceived to be near the Korean l anguage. The economy of Japan is positioned as the second after USA. Japan is the biggest production of machine apparatuses and the main vehicle make. It is additionally well known in steelmaking and this assembling and administration industry has added to the development of Japan’s GDP. ... As indicated by Hoe (2010) Japan’s culture incorporate hiding any hint of failure which is the business culture. They likewise accept that turning a customer’s demand adds up to shame. Japan’s business profile includes concordance which is the controlling way of thinking for their business settings. The instruction framework additionally demands relationship and individual pride. The Japanese comprehend it is hard for outsiders to work there as they don't anticipate that outsiders should be acquainted with the way of life and language. They in this way work together basing on close to home connections. Correspondence is through welcome or occasional cards and universal brokers ought to guarantee they react as this holds an individual to be of high regard. Japan outer exchange association gives effective data including different offices and focuses, local just as universal administrations for ventures. This incorporates monetary, showcase reports and overviews (Ch ew 2008). South Korean global business profile South Korea is situated in the Eastern Asia which is the outskirt of East Sea and Yellow Sea. The capital city is Seoul and the populace is around 48 million as at 2004 evaluation. The ethnicity is comprised of homogeneous individuals. Their religion is contained 26 percent of Christians, 27 percent of Buddhist, 46 percent of individuals with no alliance and others. The Koreans communicate in one language and offer an unmistakable physical trademark which makes them not quite the same as others in Asia, for example, Chinese and Japanese. South Korea is more impacted by Confucian qualities that penetrate all working life viewpoints which incorporate administration frameworks or relational relations (Dennis 2003). As per Denoon and Hudson (22-23) the Confucian morals significantly

Gluten and Schizophrenia Connection

Gluten and Schizophrenia Connection Schizophrenia Print Gluten and Schizophrenia Connection By Jane Anderson facebook twitter Jane Anderson is a medical journalist and an expert in celiac disease, gluten sensitivity, and the gluten-free diet. Learn about our editorial policy Jane Anderson Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Emmy Ludwig, MD on August 05, 2016 Emmy Ludwig, MD, is board-certified in gastroenterology and hepatology. She practices at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York. Learn about our Medical Review Board Emmy Ludwig, MD Updated on February 03, 2020 Schizophrenia Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes & Risk Factors Treatment Living With In Children  Wavebreakmedia / Getty Images Psychiatrists have speculated about a potential link between gluten and schizophrenia for more than three decades. In fact, the term bread madness was coined half-a-century ago to describe schizophreniaâ€"there were reports of mental patients recovering spontaneously when bread products (i.e., the bulk of gluten-containing foods in their diets) werent available. Although there have been some case reports of patients with schizophrenia improving with a gluten-free diet, even researchers in the field speculate that only a very small percentage of schizophrenics may ultimately benefit from dietary interventions such as a gluten-free diet. Its also important to recognize that there are no currently accepted dietary recommendations regarding gluten and schizophrenia. Still, researchers are beginning to look at the complex connections that may exist in the immunology of celiac disease, gluten sensitivity, and schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Is a Severe Mental Disorder Schizophrenia is a chronic, severe and potentially disabling brain disorder. It affects about 1% of the overall population. People with schizophrenia suffer from a variety of different symptoms, but may hear voices (hallucinations) or believe people are controlling them or plotting against them (delusions). To control schizophrenia, physicians generally prescribe antipsychotic medication. Support from a psychiatric team is often an essential component of care. Although in some people the disease can be controlled enough for them to be productive members of society, others with schizophrenia are significantly disabled. Although most people with schizophrenia arent violent toward others, approximately 10% ultimately commit suicide. An Overview of Schizophrenia Wheat Gluten as a Possible Schizophrenia Factor Back in 1976, researchers published a study in Science speculating that the gluten protein in wheat caused or promoted schizophrenia. Schizophrenics maintained on a cereal grain-free and milk-free diet and receiving optimal treatment with neuroleptics [i.e., antipsychotic drugs] showed an interruption or reversal of their therapeutic progress during a period of blind wheat gluten challenge, the scientists wrote. After termination of the gluten challenge, the course of improvement was reinstated. The observed effects seemed to be due to a primary schizophrenia-promoting effect of wheat gluten. As the years passed, more studies chimed in on the potential effects of gluten in schizophrenia, with mixed results. A study published in 1981 kept eight chronic schizophrenia patients on a gluten-free, milk-free diet and then challenged them with wheat gluten for five weeks. The study found no difference in their schizophrenia symptoms when they were consuming gluten. However, in a 1986 study, researchers studied 24 patients, primarily people with schizophrenia, on a gluten-free diet, and found that two of those people improved during the gluten-free period and relapsed when the gluten-containing diet was reintroduced. More recent research has noted this effect of the gluten-free diet in a small subset of patients with schizophrenia  and has recommended large-scale epidemiological studies and clinical trials to determine why this happens and which schizophrenia patients might benefit. A comprehensive review of the medical literature on gluten-related illnesses and severe mental disorders reports that people with celiac disease or gluten sensitivity could have a slightly higher risk of schizophrenia and mood disorders. Gluten Antibodies Involved People who have untreated celiac disease (i.e., those who are eating a conventional diet with gluten-containing foods) show high levels of specific antibodies, including the tTG-IgA and EMA-IgA antibodies, when celiac blood tests are performed. These tests are specific to the intestinal damage found due to gluten in celiac disease. Some people with schizophrenia, meanwhile, show high levels of other antibodies to glutenâ€"notably the AGA-IgG and the AGA-IgA antibodies. For example, one study that looked at 1,401 schizophrenia patients found 23% of them had moderate to high levels of AGA-IgA. The AGA-IgA and AGA-IgG antibodies are considered less specific to celiac diseaseâ€"they indicate an immune system reaction to gluten is going on, but not the specific villous atrophy found in celiac disease. Indeed, a study that looked at people with celiac disease and people with schizophrenia separately found the two groups seemed to be reacting to different parts of the gluten protein, indicating that any immune system response to gluten in schizophrenia is different from that of celiac disease, and is independent of any potential intestinal damage. Those with schizophrenia whose blood test results showed antibodies to gluten did not necessarily have the celiac disease genes, the researchers concluded, adding, our results reveal an immunologic response to gluten in individuals with schizophrenia that is clearly different from that in celiac disease. A Word From Verywell Although its not generally accepted in the mental health field, University of Maryland Center for Celiac Research director Dr. Alessio Fasano says that an as-yet undefined subset of people with certain mental disorders, including schizophrenia and also autism, seem to improve or even recover on a gluten-free diet, even if they dont have celiac disease. However, theres currently no accepted way to test for gluten sensitivity. Theres also no accepted way to determine whether a schizophrenia patient would benefit from the gluten-free diet; the AGA-IgA and AGA-IgG tests dont seem to pick up everyone with the condition. Researchers currently are working to identify a specific biomarker that could lead to a medical test that will identify most or all people with gluten sensitivity, including those with schizophrenia. Until more research has been done, medical professionals dont recommend going gluten-free in an effort to help schizophrenia.

Eating Disorders Anorexia And Bulimia - 1229 Words

Contrary to popular believe, eating disorders are not a thing of the past. They are unfortunately very prevalent; eating disorders affect up to 30 million Americans and 70 million individuals worldwide. The Renfrew Center Foundation for Eating Disorders, Eating Disorders 101 Guide: A Summary of Issues, Statistics and Resources, published September 2002, revised October 2003, http://www.renfrew.org. What an extremely disturbing fact! With so many people are struggling, why are the differences between anorexia and bulimia so misunderstood by the majority of the population? Anorexia and Bulimia are very severe eating disorders that are described as an unnatural relationship with food. The body of the individual that is diagnosed goes through extreme changes that ultimately cause havoc on the body and its systems. People who often suffer from these disorders tend to be overly concerned with perfection and the attainment of it. They may feel as if they have absolutely no control when it comes to some parts of their lives, so they achieve control through one of these eating disorders. Anorexics and bulimics often use the eating disorder as a way to muddle through problems from the past, as well as those of present times. Any person can have anxieties when it comes to his or her weight however, for anorexics and bulimics, it’s a life altering obsession. The sufferer may be known to become isolated from friends and family, not realizing that the disease affects not only his orShow MoreRelatedEating Disorders : Anorexia And Bulimia1676 Words   |  7 Pagesreason, many people thought it was wrong of Kate to say such a thing and claimed she was promoting eating disorders. This phrase, although years old, still has influence on young women in today’s society where whether someone eats too much or too little, they are judged. This being said it is no surprise that the leading mental illnesses in America are Anorexia and Bulimia. Both Anorexia and Bulimia are similar in the fact that they are highly popular in today’s world where it seems that physicalRead MoreEating Disorders : Eating, Bulimia, And Anorexia1215 Words   |  5 Pagesof eating disorders such as binge-eating, bulimia, and anorexia. All three eating disorders are very similar, but they are also differ with the issue they cause. Eating disorders can be harmful to a persons’ body because when they keep vomiting, it causes certain parts of the body to deteriorate over time. Each disorder has many symptoms, causes, warning signs, and health problems. All disorders differ with the way they affect people and how the person is treated. Binge-eating disorder consistsRead MoreEating Disorders: Anorexia and Bulimia1614 Words   |  6 PagesWhat do Anorexia and Bulimia have in common? 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Reflection Report by using Gibbs Cycle using slipt lamp to examine patient eyes as student nurse in the ophthalmology Free Essay Example, 750 words

ï » ¿Gibbs Reflective Cycle Description The scenario involves a patient who was complaining of gradual loss of vision in both eyes. The patient also complained of glare from head light when driving. As observed, the patient was also wearing glasses. Feelings As a student nurse in ophthalmology, under the so-called objective structured clinical examination, I feel that there is a need to explore the patient’s complaints in order to assist the physician to come up with an accurate diagnosis pertaining to the patient’s problem and eventually to carry out doctor’s orders as well as to implement client-centered nursing interventions. Evaluation The good thing about the scenario is that the patient was able to verbalize his complaints which can pave the way to a systematic assessment of the patient’s condition. However, the not-so-good aspect of the scenario is that the patient’s complaints are very common to some other eye conditions which might be difficult to distinguish among other disorders, thereby necessitating a closer look at his case. In this regard, the complaints of the patient must be meticulously explored through obtaining a complete ophthalmic history, careful assessment of the patient’s eyes and performing a relevant diagnostic procedure like the slit-lamp examination. We will write a custom essay sample on Reflection Report by using Gibbs Cycle using slipt lamp to examine patient eyes as student nurse in the ophthalmology or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Analysis As regarded above, obtaining a complete ophthalmic history, careful assessment of the patient’s eyes and performing a relevant diagnostic procedure like the slit-lamp examination are essential aspects in making a sound judgment on the patient’s case. Ophthalmic History According to Vader & Krouse (2001), an ophthalmic history encompasses the obtainment and utilization of the client’s demographic data, current clinical manifestations, past health history or past medical history (PMH), psychosocial history and lifestyle, and family health history. These facts are deemed vital and important because they can certainly assist the health providers to have an accurate evaluation and understanding about the patient’s condition. Demographic data, particularly the age and sex, are important information that nurses must get from the patient since some disorders are closely related to these pertinent data. For example, cataracts and retinal detachment most likely occur as the person ages, and some visual deficits are more common in males than in females (Black, Hawks, & Keenes, 2001). On the other hand, clinical manifestations, or signs and symptoms, such as loss of vision and glare must be suggestive of a particular visual disturbance like gl aucoma or refractive errors.

Rebel W/out A Cause Essay - 871 Words

REBEL WITHOUT A CAUSE nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Rebel Without A Cause is a movie about three troubled, identity-seeking teenagers alienated from the world of their parents (Jim Stark, Judy, and Plato). Each of the movie’s main characters is searching for understanding, companionship, and a sense of belonging, much like most of the teenagers today. Even thought the movie is dated, it depicts the main problems and concerns that teens currently face. This film offers no answers. It merely presents the problems and the viewer is left to ponder how theyll turn out. I could identify with this movie on many levels. And I think that much of the young audiences out there could as well.†¦show more content†¦The reason for this desire is because he feels the need to belong and interact. As a result, he changes his style of dressing to assimilate with the others. Nowadays the majority of the teenagers also feel the urge to comply with the various standards of a certain group to save them from alienation. A perfect example of such a case is clearly visible in the way the majority of teenagers today dress alike. Most of them state that it’s a matter of fashion and style and others say that they just want to be different. The fact of the matter is that the phenomenon of peer-pressure is involved one way or another. What teenagers do not realize is that they all end-up dressing the same exact way as the others, because the others want to be different too. On the other hand, the peer-pressure that teens face today is much more fierce and vicious than the one faced by teens in the 50’s. In our every day life peer-pressure induces teenagers to do drugs and alcohol, sex, and even criminal acts such as vandalism and murder. 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Only when his gang rebels against him, beating him and leaving him at the crime scene is there any conviction shown, and it’s only because the burglary had resulted in the death of an old woman. After being convicted and sentenced 14 years, the reader peers into the corruptionRead MoreThe Rise of Filipino Nationalism3515 Words   |  15 PagesSoliman (1574) Lakandula and Soliman decided to rise in arms. They proclaimed their revolt and gathered in Navotas. Cause: Lavezaris’s reversal of Legazpi’s policy of excempting the native rulers from tributes 2. First Pampanga Revolt (1585) Some brave Pampangueà ±o leaders connived w/ the people of Manila and the Borneans. The leaders were arrested abd executed w/out any fair trial. Cause Abuses of the Encomenderos 3. The Tondo/Maharlika conspiracy (1587-88) was a plot against Spanish colonial rule

Principles of Logistic Management

Question: Provide more detailed discussion and in depth analysis with adequate referencing to the logistics concepts and models. Answer: Introduction The term logistics is related with the physical inflow and outflow of goods and associated services that are beneficial for a company in terms of linking to the external world before and after the production (Kappauf, Lauterbach, and Koch, 2012). In current business environment, the main challenges faced by the manufacturing company are to produce good quality products and distribute the same to final consumer to respond to their changing needs. Effective supply chain management positively supports companies to ensure availability of right material in right quantity, at the right time, and at the right place (Israr and Gangele, 2013). The main purpose of this report is to determine the areas in which the core functional domains and logistics could interface. In addition, this report also aimed to analyze the effectiveness of the current order cycle and inventory management. Concurrently, this report also provides suggestions to improve logistics management by applying the theories an d concepts. The company selected for this report is L'Oreal. L'Oreal operates one business as beauty for more than a period of 100 years and it successfully developed its energy and competencies in this area (L'Oreal, 2015). The company provides its services to men and women worldwide by effectively meeting their beauty desires. In addition, the company is also committed to fulfil its mission and objectives in an ethical and responsible manner. Across the world, a wide range of outstanding brands are developed and marketed by LOral through the use of highly diverged distribution networks (L'Oreal, 2015). It shows that in the success and the development of the company, L'Oreal's supply chain plays an important role. It is also found that around the main business sectors, the company's supply chain is integrated and structured. The company builds three logistics teams such as the sales logistics, industrial logistics, and international logistics to make sure about the effective supply chain management (L'Oreal, 2015). All the logistics teams con sider various factors such as control of cost, service quality, productivity and quality improvement, and flexibility to ensure about the success in complex international environment. The Interfaces The interfaces between the inbound logistics or purchasing and the core functional areas such as production, marketing, and finance and accounting are increasingly become important for organizations in order to ensure firm's long-term business survival (Agrawal, 2003). The coordination among all these functions is also essential to maximize the total value delivered by the organization. In addition, it is also found that interfaces between the logistics and other functional departments is also important to ensure the optimum utilization of an enterprise's resources. For example, the interfaces between the logistics and the marketing function is important to make sure about providing final customer satisfaction. Similarly, to ensure the firm's growth and success, managers at L'Oreal might also focus on maintaining the interfaces between the logistics and other organizational functions (L'Oreal, 2015). There are several areas at L'Oreal such as field warehousing, packaging, forecasts of demand, outbound shipping, and finished goods inventory and post sales parts support in which the logistics and the firm's marketing function might interface (Kappauf, Lauterbach, Koch, 2012). Additionally, to enhance the satisfaction level of end-consumers, the marketing function at the company can interface with logistics. For example, it is necessary that purchasing department has understanding about the needs of final consumers so that the supplier relationships can be developed accordingly to increase the satisfaction level (L'Oreal, 2015). Moreover, in areas like product mix, market research, pricing decisions and promotional activities, the marketing function might interface with the logistics. It would be helpful to ensure better information flow, improved packaging, customer service, and distribution channels. Moreover, in areas like in-plant warehousing, inbound transportation, raw material and work-in-process inventory, and scheduling of material flow, the logistics and the production function might interface (Sople, 2010). In this, the development of a common boundary between logistics and production function can be beneficial to optimize production run length as well as related warehousing costs of storing the raw material, WIP and finished products (Rushton, Croucher, and Baker, 2014). It can also be stated that the interfaces between both can be beneficial to make more cost effective production at L'Oreal. In addition to the marketing and production interfaces, the finance function at L'Oreal might interface with logistics in areas like budgets and allocation of resources (L'Oreal, 2015). It is because the interfaces support in making appropriate budgets for purchasing and allocate resources appropriately. Moreover, the development of common limit between the finance and logistics function can be beneficial to reduce inventory cost, packaging cost, lower production unit costs and meet effectively with different financial needs of the business successfully (Agrawal, 2003). The below diagram shows the interface between the logistics and other organizational functions: It is clear from the above diagram that logistic function at L'Oreal might interface with marketing and production functions in areas like coordination, control conflict resolution, etc. It is also clear that all these functions might also interface with logistic functions to make effective communication link and request for logistic services. Analysis of the Effectiveness and Efficiency of Current Order Processing System It is analyzed that current order processing system at L'Oreal is effective and efficient. This success can be evaluated through the data that approx 67 % of UK's women use at least one LOreal product (The Logistics Business, 2016). The logistic business at L'Oreal has the responsibility to attempt a complete review of the process in which the company's luxury product division launched the new products as well as the handling process for sales orders. It is found that a world class consultancy team managed the logistics business at L'Oreal that has practical experience to undertake a detailed analysis and also understand difficult business system (The Logistics Business, 2016). It positively supports to improve the efficiency and the effectiveness of the current order processing system. Moreover, it is also analyzed that L'Oreal analyzes key product information through Edicom's CRP flow, in which the main parameters are exchanged via EDI with some of the main trading partners (EDICOM, 2016). Such kind of analysis supports the company to automate the processing of effective provisioning orders as well as make sure about the proper supply at all times to efficiently meet the needs of each centre (The Logistics Business, 2016). But concurrently, it is also assessed that the previous order processing system was associated with some loopholes such as flexibility and suitability of current tools, and the speed at which sales order are processed. The consultancy team at L'Oreal positively supported to overcome all these issues and make the current system more effective and efficient. It is also assessed that L'Oreal uses order management software, which help the company to provide up to date order information in one place that is accessible for each sales employees throughout the company (Nas?r, Sphan, 2015). The use of such systems supports the company in a positive manner to reduce time and cost related to order processing system. For example, it is found that in order to help both beauticians and representatives, portals which include electronic product catalogue to provide demo tips, product info, and training materials are built by L'Oreal (Nas?r, Sphan, 2015). These are beneficial to design and produce products that are demanded and expected by customers. It is because electronic product catalogue include detailed information about product specifications and also product images. Furthermore, it also supported L'Oreal to improve customers satisfaction level as well as customer base. Thus, it shows that although the current order processing system of the company is effective, however in today's global business environment, it is essential for the company to organize regular monitoring and reviews in order to maintain its effectiveness and efficiency level for long-run. It is recommended to L'Oreal that it should manage changes in current order processing system as per changes in the environment and technology development to ensure its long-term success. Additionally, it can also be recommended that the company should regularly update its order management application to better serve customers through centralized order instrumentation (Nas?r, Sphan, 2015). It is also recommended that L'Oreal should effectively integarte the order management application into the order process to overcome issues related to speed and reduce delivery time. Analysis of the Effectiveness of Current Inventory Management It is analyzed that after standardizing the raw material supply processes and packaging in Europe, a supply chain cockpit was developed by L'Oreal that considers organizational KPIs and targets. It is evaluated that as a part of supply chain information system, the cockpit is connected with production planning information among 13 European plants (Jacoby, 2010). Additionally, the inventory visibility of the cockpit was also extended by linking it to over 100 suppliers through the use of both direct data exchange and a web portal from the ERP system's of the suppliers to its own. The use of this supply chain cockpit is effective to efficiently manage the inventory across the L'Oreal different branches worldwide. At the same time, it is also assessed that dissimilar to L' Oreal's competitors, the company does not implement the JIT (Just in time) stock management system (Sople, 2009). In contrast, it follows an approach to keep one month's inventory at the CFA level in the month's opening and another one month's inventory at the warehouse. It is evalauted that the use of this approach increases the company's inventory holding cost (Sople, 2009). In addition, it also causes improper forecasting resulting in lower performance as compared to other competitors. Thus, it shows that it is essential for L'Oreal to improve forecasts in order to reduce the company's inventory holding costs and increase the profit margins. In contrary, it is analyzed that the use of advance technologies such as CRP/VMI supports the company to optimize stocks as well as good delivery at point-of-sale (EDICOM, 2016). Additionally, it is also assessed that regular analysis via EDI also positively supported the company to maintain adequate inventory levels. Concurrently, it is also found that L'Oreal also uses a supply chain index methodology, which is beneficial to estimate supply chain improvemet resulting in enhancing return on invested capital and manage the cost effectively (Cecere, 2015). Concurrently, it is also found that L'Oreal developed a solution as integrated solution for industrial systems (ISIS), which is beneficial to effectively manage order management, inventory management and real-time material movement (L'Oreal, 2015). Moreover, it is also evaluated that the implementation of OM and ERP solutions together helped L'Oreal to reduce both risk and cost related to manage inventory. It is assessed that this system positively supports the company to effectively manage the current inventory level. But, at the same time, it is also evaluated that to manage a structured supply chain on an international level, it is essential that all the inventory management systems operate on real-time basis. Thus, it is recommended that the company should focus on aligning the needs of logistic function, manufacturing function and inventory management (Israr and Gangele, 2013). Additionally, it should also focus on implementing real-time applications that are available 24*7 in o rder to ensure the effective management of the inventory and ensure firm's long-term survival, growth and success. Conclusion On the basis of above discussion, it can be concluded that the interface of logistics with other organizational functions is beneficial to make sure about the optimum utilization of resources, enhance total value delivered, and provide business growth and long-run survivability. It can be stated that to reduce the production cost, enhance customer satisfaction, make effective budgets, and allocate business resources effectively, there is need to set common boundaries for logistics and different business functions including production, marketing, and finance. Moreover, it can also be summarized that at L'Oreal in different areas like customer satisfaction and service, budgets, allocation of resources, and raw material handling, and other processes, the logistics function might interface with other functions. It can also be stated that current order processing system and inventory management processes at L'Oreal are effective and efficient. In this, it is analyzed that the use of advance technological systems, software and solutions such as ISIS, ERP, OM, etc. assist the managers at the company in an effective manner to reduce cost, manage risk and gain other benefits. But, at the same time, there are some challenges such as speed, complex business nature and changing customers' needs. Thus, to effectively meet with all these challenges, it is recommended to the company that it should focus on implementing real-time application software that works 24*7 and supports in reducing the inventory handling cost. It is also recommended that L'Oreal should also implement continuous review and monitoring programs to ensure the success of order processing and inventory management systems and tools. References Agrawal, D. K. (2003) Textbook of Logistics and Supply Chain Management. UK: Macmillan. Cecere, L. (2015) LOral: A Beautiful Supply Chain. Israr, M., and Gangele, A. (2013) Logistics across the Functional Areas Logistics Considerations in System Life Cycle. International Journal of Advance Industrial Engineering, 1(3), pp 48-53. Jacoby, D. (2010) The Economist Guide To Supply Chain Management. Profile Books. Kappauf, J., Lauterbach, B. and Koch, M. (2012) Logistic Core Operations with SAP: Inventory Management, Warehousing, Transportation, and Compliance. Germany: Springer Science Business Media. Nas?r, Sphan (2015) Customer Relationship Management Strategies in the Digital Era. UK: IGI Global. Rushton, A., Croucher, P. and Baker, P. (2014) The Handbook of Logistics and Distribution Management: Understanding the Supply Chain.